2016-Sustainable Industrial Processing Summit
SIPS 2016 Volume 9: Molten Salts and Ionic Liquids, Energy Production

Editors:Kongoli F, Gaune-Escard M, Turna T, Mauntz M, Dodds H.L.
Publisher:Flogen Star OUTREACH
Publication Year:2016
Pages:390 pages
ISBN:978-1-987820-24-9
ISSN:2291-1227 (Metals and Materials Processing in a Clean Environment Series)
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    Permanent Magnets for Sustainable Energy Applications.

    Michael Coey1;
    1SCHOOL OF PHYSICS, Dublin, Ireland;
    Type of Paper: General Plenary
    Id Paper: 513
    Topic: 42

    Abstract:

    Permanent magnets create a magnetic field in their surrounding space with no continual expenditure of energy. An electromagnet producing a flux density of 1 Tesla in a volume V = 500 cc for 10 years will consume roughly 1011 Joules of electrical energy, costing about $2000. A permanent magnet flux source does the same job for free. Although not much energy stored is in the magnetic field — ½B2V/µ0 is just 200 Joules — the energy is in a particularly useful form and it provides the basis of highly-efficient permanent-magnet energy converters, both electric motors and generators.
    The fundamental physical limits on magnet performance will be reviewed, including energy-product a figure of merit, and recent progress in magnet development will be assessed. Prospects of discovering a higher-performance magnet than Nd-Fe-B are dim, but a significant challenge is to develop a magnet with an energy product intermediate between those of Nd-Fe-B (energy product up to 450 kJm-3) and hard ferrite (energy product up to 45 kJm-3) that is economically viable in terms of raw materials costs and stability of supply. Some potential solutions will be discussed.
    A single application, traction motors in all-electric vehicles, could see the current demand for Nd-Fe-B of 100,000 tonnes per year triple over the next decade if a significant fraction of the 35 million cars produced annually were replaced by electric vehicles. There will be a corresponding demand for end-of-life recycling of the magnet material. Direct-drive wind turbines, and microscale energy-harvesting applications are other areas where permanent magnets offer sustainable solutions.

    Keywords:

    Permanent Magnets; Development, Energy

    Cite this article as:

    Coey M. Permanent Magnets for Sustainable Energy Applications.. In: Kongoli F, Gaune-Escard M, Turna T, Mauntz M, Dodds H.L., editors. Sustainable Industrial Processing Summit SIPS 2016 Volume 9: Molten Salts and Ionic Liquids, Energy Production. Volume 9. Montreal(Canada): FLOGEN Star Outreach. 2016. p. 33-34.