2019-Sustainable Industrial Processing Summit
SIPS2019 Volume 4: Kozlov Intl. Symp. / Sustainable Materials Recycling Processes and Products
| Editors: | F. Kongoli, S.V. Alexandrovich, D.V. Grigorievich, L.L. Igoryevich, I. Startsev, T.A. Vladimirovich |
| Publisher: | Flogen Star OUTREACH |
| Publication Year: | 2019 |
| Pages: | 193 pages |
| ISBN: | 978-1-989820-03-2 |
| ISSN: | 2291-1227 (Metals and Materials Processing in a Clean Environment Series) |
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Skull Formation in Rotary Kilns During Processing of Various Types of Oxidized Raw Materials
Pavel Kozlov1;1UMMC-HOLDING, Moscow, Russian Federation;
Type of Paper: Regular
Id Paper: 138
Topic: 7
Abstract:
Formation of skulls is one of the main disadvantages of the processes carried out in rotary kilns (productivity decrease, process chemistry violation).
Analysis of the skull formation process reveals the main causes of their growth:
-chemical composition of charge mixture (containing slag-forming compounds: CaO, SiO2, FeO);
-kiln rotation speed;
-feed material quantity;
-temperature conditions;
-grain size composition of charge mixture.
Setting operating conditions of rotary kiln in accordance with charge material composition makes it possible to avoid skull formation.
At the same time it is necessary to make the skull-formation in kiln as a means of the furnace refractory protection from chemical and thermal “corrosion”.
It is possible to solve the problem of the furnace operation without any skulls and refractory time facing more than 12 months by operating rotary kiln in variable silica ratio mode:
- Period 1, silicate unit (C/S) – 0,4 – 0,6 (skull is not formed). Duration is 2-4 days. Skull is removed if the furnace operation is more than 4 days;
- Period 2, silicate unit (C/S) – 1,4 – 1,6 (skull is formed). Duration is 1 day. Skull can be increased if the furnace operation is more than a day.
Provision of operation mode requires the variable silicate module:
- installation of thermal imager, controlling the furnace body temperature, which allows to estimate the skull thickness;
- repeating the furnace operation with the silicate module 1,4 - 1,6.
Keywords:
Industry; Material; Metal;References:
[1] Kozlov P.A., Waelz-process. Moscow: "Ore and Metals" Publishing House, 2002. 176 p.[2] Kolesnikov A.V., Ivakin D.A., Kozlov P.A., Skull Formation in Rotary Kilns During Zinc Cake Processing. Non-ferrous Metals. 2010. No.1. pp. 25-32.
[3] Pusko A.G., Yarygin V.I., Kolesnikov A.V., Zheludkova E.A., Reasons of skull-formation in rotary kilns. Non-ferrous Metals. 1976. No.2. pp. 32-37.