2022-Sustainable Industrial Processing Summit
SIPS2022 Volume 1
Alario-Franco Intl. Symp
Solid State Chemistry
| Editors: | F. Kongoli, F. Marquis, S. Kalogirou, B. Raveau, A. Tressaud, H. Kageyama, A. Varez, R. Martins. |
| Publisher: | Flogen Star OUTREACH |
| Publication Year: | 2022 |
| Pages: | 154 pages |
| ISBN: | 978-1-989820-34-6 (CD) |
| ISSN: | 2291-1227 (Metals and Materials Processing in a Clean Environment Series) |
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“Superconductivity: From Mercury to Hydrides: The Particular Case of Water"
Miguel Angel Alario Franco1;1UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE, MADRID, Spain;
Type of Paper: Regular
Id Paper: 561
Topic: 52
Abstract:
Electrical resistance is a well-known natural phenomenon that allows such interesting applications as electrical heating, through the Joule effect, caused by the collisions of electrons with the crystal lattice. In any case, it is clear that the existence of materials without electrical resistance would be extremely interesting and, among other applications, would allow the transmission of electrical energy without losses, which would mean savings of the order of between 2 and 12% of the cost of total electricity transmission in the whole world.
However, apart from the economic aspect just mentioned, electrical conductivity without resistance, called superconductivity, has, in addition to great scientific interest, a good number of applications, such as obtaining NMR images, and constitutes one of the most attractive and interesting fields of study in Materials Science, Physics and Chemistry.
A significant difficulty, is however, the need to use low temperatures to reach the superconducting state, discovered in mercury at the beginning of the 20th century, below a temperature of around 4 K.
In the present lecture, which aims to present a simple overview of the subject, fter going through a long succession of discoveries and improvements in which critical temperatures were reached of up to 138 K in such varied and diverse materials, as metallic elements, alloys, pnictides and cuprates, it will be shown that, at the present time, it is the hydrides that occupy the scene. Indeed, even if the materials obtained so far require the use of quite high pressures to achieve the superconducting state, in those cases this taks place at much higher critical temperatures, around room temperature . Thus, it has been possible to reach 203 K in a "sulfur hydride: H2S" at a pressure of 150 GPa and, shortly after, 288 K was reached in the lanthanum hydride LaH10, but at still higher pressures, of the order of 300 GPa and beyond.
This talk will then describe, in moderate detail, the phenomenon of superconductivity; then after exploring recent work in the very interesting case of hydrogen itself and on hydrides, including the most common hydrogen sulfide and oxide, SH2 and H2O respectively and their, somewhat unexpectedly, non-negligible possibilities of superconducting, we will end with the latest news on the remaining, and very promising, superconducting metal hydrides.