2023-Sustainable Industrial Processing Summit
Intl. Symp on Advanced Materials and Modelling of Complex Materials
| Editors: | F. Kongoli, F. Marquis, N. Chikhradze, T. Prikhna, O. Adiguzel, E. Aifantis, R. Das, P. Trovalusci |
| Publisher: | Flogen Star OUTREACH |
| Publication Year: | 2023 |
| Pages: | 288 pages |
| ISBN: | 978-1-998384-00-6 (CD) |
| ISSN: | 2291-1227 (Metals and Materials Processing in a Clean Environment Series) |
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RECYCLING AND PROCESSING OF PERMANENT MAGNETS FOR SUSTAINABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT
Kristina Zuzek-Rozman1; Xuan Xu1; Tomaž Tomše2; Sina Khoshima3; Amit Mishra3; Mihaela Rebernik3; Saso Sturm4;1JOZEF STEFAN INSTITUTE, Ljubljana, Slovenia; 2JOžEF STEFAN INSTITUTE, Ljubljana, Slovenia; 3JOZEF STEFAN INSTUTE, Ljubljana, Slovenia; 4HEAD OF DEPARTMENT FOR NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS, Ljubljana, Slovenia;
Type of Paper: Regular
Id Paper: 366
Topic: 43
Abstract:
E-mobility advancements and green power generation are central to achieving Green Deal's goals toward a low-carbon society. High-performing rare earth elements-transition metals permanent magnets (REE-TM PMs), such as Nd-Fe-B and Sm-Co, vital in e-motors and generators, are thus indispensable to meet these aims. Thus, in-depth study into REE-TM PMs is essential to boost their performance. However, the challenge lies in the limited availability of REEs, as they're flagged as critical for EU. Comprehensive solutions in recourse efficient magnet processing and reprocessing, including recycling, should now be integral to future PMs development. We are actively researching ways to make Nd-Fe-B and PMs reprocessing and recycling more viable [1]. Applying the electrochemical separation of anodic oxidation showed that the Nd-Fe-B scrap magnets can be successfully recycled either to matrix Nd2Fe14B matrix phase grains or be separated down to rare earth precursors [2]. Additionally, we have found that Sm-Co PMs can also be effectively recycled using electrochemical methods [3]. A step towards upscaling of Nd-Fe-B recycling principles is realized by selective chemical leaching of the Nd-rich secondary phase out of Nd-Fe-B feedstocks via organic acid which is considered as environmentally friendly approach [4]. These recycling routes open up new possibilities for reengineering Nd-Fe-B magnets from scratch, breaking away from conventional approaches and potentially improving magnet performance, such as energy products. In ongoing work related to the Nd-Fe-B system, we are exploring fast consolidation techniques through spark plasma sintering. These techniques hold promise in advancing the perspective of Nd-Fe-B magnet development.
Keywords:
Energy; Energy Efficiency; New And Advanced Materials; Renewable Energy; Sustainable Development; rare earths, permanent magnetes, Nd-Fe-B, recycing, processingReferences:
[1] X. Xu, K. Zuzek Rozman et al, A facile method for the simultaneous recovery of rare-earth elements and transition metals from Nd-Fe-B magnets. Green chem., 22, 1105-1112.[2] X. Xu, K. Zuzek Rozman et al, 2019, Direct recycling of Nd-Fe-B magnets based on the recovery of Nd2Fe14B grains by acid-free electrochemical etching. ChemSusChem, 12, 21, 4754-4758.
[3] X. Xu, K. Zuzek Rozman et al., Electrochemical routes for environmentally friendly recycling of rare-earth-based (Sm-Co) permanent magnets. Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, 2022, 52, 4, pp10.
[4] S. Khoshima, S. K. Zuzek et al. Environmentally friendly approach for Nd2Fe14B magnetic phase extraction by selective chemical leaching : a proof-of-concept study. Materials, ISSN 1996-1944, 2023, vol. 16, no. 14, pp14