2025 - Sustainable Industrial Processing Summit
SIPS2025 Volume 13. Intl. Symp on Solid State Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, Corrosion and Coating
| Editors: | F. Kongoli, I. Chung, H. Kageyama, M.G. Kanatzidis, F. Marquis, A. Navrotsky, A. Tressaud, J. Atwood, G. Duca, R. Kuroda, A. Legocki, J. Lipkowski, M. Zaworotko, R. Singh, R. Gupta, M. Halama, D. Macdonald, F. Wang |
| Publisher: | Flogen Star OUTREACH |
| Publication Year: | 2025 |
| Pages: | 262 pages |
| ISBN: | 978-1-998384-62-4 (CD) |
| ISSN: | 2291-1227 (Metals and Materials Processing in a Clean Environment Series) |
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EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF ORAL WATER ADMINISTRATION ON THE SKIN HYDRATION STATE OF BASKETBALL BOYS USING THE CONTACT ANGLE METHOD: THE “BASKETSKIN PROTOCOL”
Davide Rossi1; Davide Frasson2; Renata Uruci2; Pierluigi Munaretto3; Cinzia Pastorin3; Luigi Dal Zio3;1DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION ASSOCIATION BAZH.I, Maserada Sul Piave, Italy; 2DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION BAZH.I NGO, Maserada sul Piave, Italy; 3ASD JOLLY BASKET, Caltana di Santa Maria di Sala, Italy;
Type of Paper: Regular
Id Paper: 137
Topic: 19
Abstract:
The contact angle method [1] quickly and noninvasively evaluates skin wettability with water to determine the skin hydration state [2]. Athletes' body hydration state influences their skills and performance, affecting the outcome of a game [3].
Our objective was to measure in vivo the changes in skin hydration of 12 basketball boys (age 13- to 15 years) before and after (called here “response”) a game about basal hydration conditions (called here “normal conditions”) and after oral assumption of mineral water 2L per week (called here “hydro conditions”) before a second game. Basal and response skin hydration measurements were performed on the right (dx) and left (sx) forearms skin. The response measurements were done 10’ after the end of the game and on the skin without sweat.
The skin hydration state was assessed using the contact angle (CA; deg) method with a mobile Tenskinmeter®. Personalized evaluations of epidermal moisture changes were conducted utilizing the Skin Hydration Debt (SHD) parameter, introduced by Davide Rossi in 2018, following the “Basketskin protocol”. A positive SHD indicates that the skin is experiencing “water debt,” whereas a negative value suggests “water credit”. The initial findings revealed a noticeable increase in skin hydration state after the first game, which correlated with a decrease in the average water contact angles observed at the interface of the right (dx) forearm skin (N=24) (basal CA: 106.7±18.3 deg, response CA: 78.8±21.1 deg) and left (sx) (N=24) forearm skin (basal CA: 111.5±15.7 deg, response CA: 79.0±17.0 deg).
As regards the hydro conditions, the results showed a trend increase in skin hydration state before and after the second game corresponding to a trend decrease of droplet average water CAs at the interface with dx (N=24) forearm skin (basal CA: 104.0±17.7 deg, response CA: 62.7±20.1 deg) and sx (N=24) forearm skin (basal CA: 103.8±20.5 deg, response CA: 62.4±18.0 deg).
The negative difference (Δ) between the basal (b) average CAs absolute values (|CAs|) measurements performed in hydro (h) conditions and that performed in normal (n) conditions on dx and sx forearms and the negative difference between the average response (r) average CAs absolute values (|CAs|) measurements performed in hydro (h) conditions and that performed in normal (n) conditions on dx and sx forearms were respectively Δ|CA|bdx=2.65 deg, Δ|CA|rdx=16.1 deg, Δ|CA|bsx=7.68 deg, and Δ|CA|rsx=16.45 deg.
These data demonstrated that 2L water administration per week causes an overall a trend decrease of skin wettability with water drop, however the major trend increase of hydration state was revealed from the CAs measured after the two games (responses).
The second result demonstrated the capability of Skin Hydration Debt (SHD) in the evaluation of the hydration state of each boy before and after the two games, and in “normal” and “hydro” conditions. In the case of normal conditions (first game), basal average SHD related at dx forearm skin (basal SHD: -1.15±8.00, response SHD: -11.45±13.7) and left (sx) forearm skin (basal SHD: +1.23±5.00, response SHD: -10.20±9.2) showed average water debt only in the case of basal (sx) forearms. For all other cases, the skins demonstrated be in “water credit”. As regard hydro conditions (second game), basal average SHD related at dx forearm skin (basal SHD: -1.22±8.4, response SHD: -21.73±14.4) and left (sx) forearm skin (basal SHD: -1.36±8,4, response SHD: -21.76±12.5) demonstrated an increase “water credit” respect to “normal condition”
The difference (Δ) between the average |SHD| values of basal (b) and response (r) in hydro and normal conditions are respectively Δb(dx) |SHD|=0.08, Δr(dx)|SHD|=10.3, Δb(sx) |SHD|= 0.14, and Δr(sx)|SHD|=11.6.
Results demonstrated that the CA method is capable to determining in non-invasive and rapid way the real effect of water oral administration on the skin hydration state of basketball boys before and after the game.
The SHD demonstrated its usefulness in the evaluation of the increase in skin hydration followed by the oral water administration performed by basketball boys one week before the second game mostly in the response evaluation.
This appears in accordance with the increase of body hydration following one week of water oral administration and improvement of skin moisturize that seems to promote the migration of water from the body inside to outside during the game.
Our work is open to the possibility of using the tenskinmeterâ for control of the hydration state of sportsmen in relation to their real body hydration before the game.
The results open new perspectives in a large-scale application of the CA method to evaluate the increase of body hydration after oral assumption of water added with carbohydrate-electrolyte solution (CES) [3] and perform deep statistical analysis.