2025 - Sustainable Industrial Processing Summit
SIPS2025 Volume 13. Intl. Symp on Solid State Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, Corrosion and Coating
| Editors: | F. Kongoli, I. Chung, H. Kageyama, M.G. Kanatzidis, F. Marquis, A. Navrotsky, A. Tressaud, J. Atwood, G. Duca, R. Kuroda, A. Legocki, J. Lipkowski, M. Zaworotko, R. Singh, R. Gupta, M. Halama, D. Macdonald, F. Wang |
| Publisher: | Flogen Star OUTREACH |
| Publication Year: | 2025 |
| Pages: | 262 pages |
| ISBN: | 978-1-998384-62-4 (CD) |
| ISSN: | 2291-1227 (Metals and Materials Processing in a Clean Environment Series) |
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MEASUREMENT OF THE SKIN HYDRATION STATE OVER THE TIME USING CONTACT ANGLE METHOD
Davide Rossi1; Marika Zuanon2; Nicola Realdon3;1DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION ASSOCIATION BAZH.I, Maserada Sul Piave, Italy; 2UNIVERSITY OF PADOVA, Padova, Italy; 3UNIVERSITY OF VERONA, Verona, Italy;
Type of Paper: Regular
Id Paper: 354
Topic: 19
Abstract:
The measurement of contact angle (CA) on skin allows a simple and rapid test on the different pharmaceutical and cosmetic compounds [1]. Several studies evaluated the wettability of the skin surface as a function of the diffusion processes of the active ingredient through the skin [2]. The CA method can also be applied to evaluate skin hydration (SH) that is essential for body thermoregulation. Various investigations demonstrated correlations between water intake and variations in the SH status using the corneometric (H) approach and the variation in the Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) degree, respectively [3, 4], highlighting the influence of the intake of 2L per day on the SH. Our work aimed the assessing SH status by measuring the water CA and H, evaluating the influence of water intake and urination on SH status over time under controlled conditions involving four subjects (S1, S2, S3, and S4) aged between 24 and 26 between at environmental temperature of 24°C±0.5.
As example, (a) S1 demonstrated a basal CA (°) of 83.3°, after 500 ml intake 75.4°(t0), 65.4°(t10), 82.4°(t20), 80.1°(t30), 88.4°(t40), after urination (-200 ml) is 83.2°(t0) and 83.7°(t10), after 500 ml intake 77.6°(t0), 76.6°(t10), 79.4°(t20), 77.7°(t30), 79.9°(t40), after urination (-300 ml) is 84.9°(t0) and 91.9°(t10), after 500 ml intake is 74.9°(t0), 87.2°(t10), 72,6°(t20), 75.8°(t30), 77.2°(t40), after urination (-475 ml) is 67.0°(t0) and 80.3°(t10), (b) S2 demonstrated a basal CA (°) of 83.6°, after 500 ml intake 72.9°(t0), 72.6°(t10), 84.7°(t20), 86.9°(t30), 89.5°(t40), after urination (-220 ml) is 85.4°(t0) and 89.9°(t10), after 500 ml intake 85.8°(t0), 76.6°(t10), 89.9°(t20), 94.5°(t30), 91.5°(t40), after urination (-470 ml) is 96.7°(t0) and 87.4°(t10), after 500 ml intake is 89.0°(t0), 83.1°(t10), 90,6°(t20), 92.5°(t30), 91.2°(t40), after urination (-400 ml) is 91.1°(t0) and 88.4°(t10), (c) S3 demonstrated a basal CA (°) of 83.8°, after 500 ml intake 78.1°(t0), 83.0°(t10), 84.4°(t20), 84.2°(t30), 88.3°(t40), after urination (-210 ml) is 79.8°(t0) and 82.9°(t10), after 500 ml intake 82.1°(t0), 82.6°(t10), 79.1°(t20), 84.4°(t30), 83.2°(t40), after urination (-580 ml) is 81.9°(t0) and 84.9°(t10), after 500 ml intake is 75.4°(t0), 79.5°(t10), 79,6°(t20), 78.4°(t30), 79.5°(t40), after urination (-470 ml) is 85.9°(t0) and 84.9°(t10), and (d) demonstrated a basal CA (°) of 88.6°, after 500 ml intake 84.5°(t0), 93.3°(t10), 87.9°(t20), 89.7°(t30), 80.4°(t40), after urination (-450 ml) is 78.3°(t0) and 85.2°(t10), after 500 ml intake 87.6°(t0), 86.8°(t10), 89.0°(t20), 85.2°(t30), 83.0°(t40), after urination (-420 ml) is 86.7°(t0) and 94.9°(t10), after 500 ml intake is 85.9°(t0), 87.8°(t10), 89,5°(t20), 85.9°(t30), 84.5°(t40), after urination (-500 ml) is 85.4°(t0) and 86.6°(t10).
S1 showed a total average Hydration Index (HI) of 52.5±4.07 (Meas.1), 54.3±5.02 (Meas.2), 55.2±5.3 (Meas.3), S2 showed a total average HI of 35.1±1 (Meas.1), 37.2±5.1 (Meas.2), 37.2±4.9 (Meas.3), S3 showed a total average HI of 32.7±5.9 (Meas.1), 33.9±7.0 (Meas.2), 34.2±5.7 (Meas.3), and S4 showed a total average HI of 67.8±6.6 (Meas.1), 65.7±6.3 (Meas.2), 61.0±5.9 (Meas.3). In S1, the water intake caused increase in SH and decrease water CA. In the 1° period, CAs increase until the moment of urination because linked to the rapid hydrating effect due to the 1° water intake, and this phenomenon repeats at 2° water intake.
In S2 the 1° and 2° water intake follow the same behaviour of S1, however the influence of water intake on SH appears more evident in S2 than in subject S1 because the difference between the volume ingested and excreted for the first two periods considered (1 Δ=280 mL, 2 Δ=30 mL) appears lower than that observed in S1 (1 Δ=300 mL, 2 Δ=200 mL).
In S3, the 1° and 3° intake of water follow the same behaviour as S1 and S2, while after the 2° intake, the CAs showed less variability than what was observed in S1 and S2 in period 2.
The S4 presents an anomalous CAs trend with respect to S1, S2 and S3 due to a poor ability to maintain body hydration levels over time and doesn’t appear suitable for the in vivo absorption test of a drug because it is closely linked to the maintenance of the SH status over time.
Our work demonstrated that the CA method is capable of determining the influence of repeated water intake on the SH in relation to urination by measuring the CAs of a water droplet at different times.
Our results open new perspectives in the evaluation of the effect of SH on the in vivo absorption of an active ingredient, developing a correlation model between CAs data obtained from static conditions and those obtained under kinetic conditions after application of the formulation loaded with the active ingredient.