Amr Henni

Abstract:

Global emissions from the energy sector stood at 32.1 gigatonnes in 2016, the same as the previous two years. Reduction in cost resulting from the use of new technologies, and concerns about climate change were the main forces behind a decoupling between greenhouse gas emissions and economic growth.1 This pause in emissions was the result of shifting from coal to natural gas, better energy efficiency, an increase in renewable power generation, as well as structural changes in the global economy.1 Unfortunately, this level of emissions is not enough to keep global temperatures from rising above 2°C. To take full advantage of the potential of new technologies and market forces, consistent and predictable emission policies are needed worldwide.1 Modern societies increasingly depend on reliable and secure energy supplies for their economic growth and prosperity. The global fight against climate change has become an essential feature in energy policy-making in many countries after the signing of the Paris Agreement. This paper will present an overview of the challenges faced in limiting the emissions of greenhouse gases based on the experience acquired by the Canadian province of Saskatchewan after building the first commercial size carbon capture plant in the world. The motives behind the investment in such technology, and the effects of emission standards imposed by the Federal government will be discussed. The urgency of taking actions now is evidenced, for example, by the addition of 130,000 megawatts in just three years by China which is equivalent to Canada's total generating capacity. In Saskatchewan, coal accounts for 44 per cent of fuel mix and produces 70 % of the greenhouse gas emissions. A state-of-the-art pilot plant and a pre-commercial plant were built/refurbished by the University of Regina, which largely facilitated the decision made by the provincial government and the local utility company (SaskPower) to move ahead with the full size commercial carbon capture plant (110 MW) that captures 1,400,000 tonnes of CO2 every year. Some operational issues faced by the new plant will be discussed. Countries are trying to maintain reliable and secure energy supplies while rapidly decarbonising power systems. This is indeed a key challenge for most countries throughout the world. Renewable energies such a wind and solar can only provide power part of the time. The need for coal, on the short term, seems almost inevitable in order not to cripple the local economies. The diverse and comprehensive research done at the University of Regina in the last two decades will be described. The research group is involved with all aspects of carbon capture dealing with the development of new solvents and packing material, screening of novel amines, ionic liquids, and Functionalized solvents. Research results and experience gained in building and operating the plant will now be shared with industry via the newly established CCS Knowledge Centre. The work undertaken at the centre will promote greater information sharing around the world, and ultimately, it will help bring down the costs of CCS technology.