Tunde Kocsis

Abstract:

Integration of a continuous acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) extractive fermentation technology and a phase-transfer room temperature continuous biodiesel production with the utilization of intermediates and by-products without costly processing and purification steps gives a sustainable, superior fuel production system based on non-food agricultural resources. The production line contains energy-producing waste processing (biogas and combustion) units involving a biomass ash processing line to prepare fertilizers ensures biomass production sustainability. The biodiesel production with using ABE alcohols in the presence of phase-transfer catalysts at room temperature is carried out with minimal soap formation. The butanol containing anhydrous glycerol waste can be transformed into acetal mixtures with oxo-components from the oxidation of ABE alcohols or processing of waste glycerol. The formed materials have lower oxygen content as glycerol and can be used as unseparated mixtures in fuels as a blend to decrease the viscosity and pouring point. The energy consuming steps is partly covered with biogas/combustion units energy utilizes the non-processed parts of the raw materials. The biomass ash formed contains all minerals were uptaken by the plants from the soil and are recycled with using a new technology based on the miscibility of the ash with concentrated sulfuric acid without any reaction, then the formed mixture is contacted with water in a closed system when carbon dioxide is liberated, and pressure evolves. The small bubbles formed in the mass will be opened and forms channels to the surface during depressurization. A porous solid material is formed, which can absorb liquids, e.g. fertilizer solutions contain controlled form and amount of materials needs for the plants. Filling these pores with ammonium nitrate solutions, a hardly soluble ammonium-compound form which releases only if water is present in the soil.