ORALS

SESSION: RecyclingMonPM2-R5	Kolomaznik International Symposium (8th Intl. Symp. on Sustainable Materials Recycling Processes & Products)
Mon. 28 Nov. 2022 / Room: Arcadia 2
Session Chairs: Carmen Gaidau; Session Monitor: TBA

15:55: [RecyclingMonPM209] OS
Protein By-products Recovery and Reuse for Sustainable Agriculture and Medical Applications
Carmen Gaidau¹ ; Mihaela Niculescu² ; Stanca Maria² ; Cosmin Alexe² ; Marius Becheritu³ ; Roxana Horoias³ ; Jiri Pecha⁴ ; ¹, , ; ²R&D National Institute for Textiles and Leather, Bucharest, Romania; ³SC Probstdorfer Saatzucht Romania SRL, Bucharest, Romania; ⁴Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Faculty of Applied Informatics, CEBIA-Tech, Zlin, Czech Republic;
Paper Id: 121 [Abstract]

The leather industry processes a by-product of the meat industry, being an ecological activity and contributing to the pollution mitigation generated by the food industry [1,2]. However, raw hide and skin processing generates, in addition to a unique product, unmatched by any synthetic material, a large amount of collagen by-products valuable to other industries [3]. The presentation will talk about the experience gained in capitalizing on leather, aquaculture and wool by-products through chemical-enzymatic extraction and refining processes in bioactive proteins for use in agriculture or for the production of biomaterials with cell regeneration properties for wound treatment. In recent years, concerns have been raised over excessive use of pesticides, their toxicity, and the potential to pollute the environment [4]. In this context, the interest for innovation in biostimulants and fertilizers with systemic effects on plant metabolism has increased, as an alternative for pesticide reduction. Collagen and keratin have been extracted, solubilized, refined, and conditioned by the processing of collagen and keratin-based by-products such as: hide fleshings, leather shavings, fish skins or unmarketable wool. For this purpose, chemical and chemical-enzymatic hydrolysis processes allowed new products to be adapted to the nutritional needs of different plant species. Thus, wheat seeds were treated with low amounts of pesticides in admixture with collagen hydrolysates. Greenhouse and field experiments have shown that plants are more resistant to climate change and extreme soil pH. The formulation and experimentation of mixtures of collagen hydrolysates, keratin, and essential oils for foliar fertilization of cereal plants have led to substantial production increases for wheat crops. Another direction of research was that of crosslinked collagen-based products with long-term nitrogen release that have been experimented with promising results for treating seeds and leguminous plants. The elastic properties of fish collagen have been exploited to cover rapeseed pods in order to improve indehiscence and reduce production losses. The collagen extracts with spinnable properties were designed for fabrication of wound healing nanofibers and showed high biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity. Keratin powders with low molecular weights were prepared for gel and cream formulations intended to be used in recalcitrant skin wound healing. Regenerative properties of new protein extracts will be shown as results of testing on standardized cell lines specific to the dermo-epidermal layer and vascular endothelium. The versatility of collagen and keratin extracts was proved and the premises for biomass recovery and reuse in agriculture and medicine open the door for increased circularity of many economic domains.

References:
[1] A.Saiddain, International Leather Maker, 2019, https://internationalleathermaker.com/news/fullstory.php/aid/7289/The_honest_truth_about_leather.html
[2] De Rosa-Giglio P., Fontanella A., Gonzalez-Quijano G., Ioannidis I., Nucci B., Brugnoli F, Product Environmental Footprint Category Rules-Leather, 2018 https://ec.europa.eu/environment/eussd/smgp/pdf/PEFCR_leather.pdf
[3] R. Sole, L. Taddei, C. Franceschi and V. Beghetto, Molecules, 24, 2979, 2019, doi:10.3390/molecules24162979
[4] F. Hüesker, R. Lepenies, Environmental Science & Policy,128, 2022, 185-193

SESSION: RecyclingMonPM2-R5	Kolomaznik International Symposium (8th Intl. Symp. on Sustainable Materials Recycling Processes & Products)
Mon. 28 Nov. 2022 / Room: Arcadia 2
Session Chairs: Carmen Gaidau; Session Monitor: TBA

16:20: [RecyclingMonPM210] OS
Proteinic Composites from By-Products for Applications in Circular Economy
Mihaela Niculescu¹ ; Carmen Gaidau² ; Mihai Gidea³ ; Marius Becheritu⁴ ; ¹The National Researche-Development Institute for Textiles and Leather - Leather and Footwear Research Institute Division, Bucharest, Romania; ²R&D National Institute, Bucharest, Romania; ³University of Agronomic Science and Veterinary Medicine–UASMV, Bucharest, Romania; ⁴SC Probstdorfer Saatzucht Romania SRL, Bucharest, Romania;
Paper Id: 61 [Abstract]

<p>KEYWORDS: Collagen, Keratin, By-products, Circular Economy Industrial and agricultural by-products represent an important resource of raw materials and added value, whose processing and introduction into the economy, produces a significant reduction of the environmental impact. The leather industry generates a large amount of collagen and keratin by-products, which are generous energy sources for biostimulation and organic fertilization of plants [1], soil enrichment, but are also suitable for industrial applications: biodegradable packaging, adhesives, surfactants, auxiliaries for leather processing [2] etc. The literature information in this field refers to the study of specific properties for individual application. In connection with our new research in valorisation of collagen and keratin from by-products, we have investigated the structural and textural properties of protein composites obtained from leather industry by-products, in order to identify the complementary properties, for directing the same composites obtained with minimum manufacturing costs to several applications. This paper presents results obtained in the analytical investigation of gelatin extracts, collagen and keratin hydrolysates and proteinic composites made on the basis of these extracts. For this purpose, texture analyses were performed by the TEX'AN equipment provided with tools for the analysis of gels and films, structural analyses by FTIR-ATR, particle size distribution by Dynamic Light Scattering. It has been found that collagen and keratin extracts contain sufficient proportions of small and medium size components size, of the order of 1-100 nm and of 100-1000 nm, specific for free amino acids and small oligopeptides. The small peptides usually show better bioactivities than larger peptides [3] and can penetrate plant cell membranes and induce immediate systemic effects on biostimulation and protection. However, collagen and keratin extracts contain large size components, over 1000 nm, in considerable proportions, which provide film-forming properties with controlled biodegradability and thus a delayed release of amino acids, for a gradual nutrition of plants in vegetation. In industrial applications, small and medium-sized compounds are associated with the surfactant properties [4], while large molecular compounds induce the adhesive and film-forming properties [5].</p>

References:
<p>[1] M. D. Niculescu, C. Gaidau, D.-G. Epure, M. Gidea, Rev. Chim.-Bucharest, 69:2 (2018) 379-385. [2] R. Ammasi, J.S. Victor, R. Chellan, M. Chellappa, Waste Biomass Valori., (2019) E-ISSN 1877-265X. [3] H. Hong, H. Fan, M. Chalamaiah, J. Wu, Food Chem., 301 (2019) 125222. [4] M. Goldfeld, A. Malec, C. Podella, C. Rulison, J. Pet. Environ. Biotechnol., 6:2 (2014) 1000211. [5] K. Thongchai, P. Chuysinuan, T. Thanyacharoen, S. Techasakul, S. Ummartyotin, SN Applied Sciences, 2:2 (2020) 225.</p>