The development of new polymerization methods for preparing functional polymer materials with unique structures and attractive properties is of great significance in both polymer chemistry and materials science. As an important group of functional polymer materials, fused heterocyclic polymers have received extensive attention in different fields. However, traditional synthetic methods toward such polymers normally require limited and expensive fused aromatic substrates, elaborate reaction control, complicated operation procedures, and painful isolation. These synthesis difficulties greatly restrict their accessibility. When it is necessary to introduce multiple functional substituents in complex heterocyclic structure units, the polymer synthesis would be even be more challenging. In contrast, transition metal-catalyzed C-H-activation/annulation polymerizations based on acetylenic monomers offer a facile and efficient way for the synthesis of fused heterocyclic polymers by utilizing inert C-H as potential functional groups. With this strategy, complex fused heterocycles can be generated in-situ in polymer backbones from simple and readily available reactants, showing the advantages of simple operation, high efficiency, high atom economy, etc. The resulting fused heterocyclic polymers generally possess multiple aromatic substituents, which can endow the polymers with good solubility and excellent aggregate-state luminescence properties. This report will introduce our recent work progress on the development of novel C‒H activation/annulation polymerization reactions for the synthesis of multifunctional fluorescent fused heterocyclic polymers, including the stoichiometric two-component polyannulations of internal diynes and aromatics, non-stoichiometric two-component polyannulations of internal diynes and monofunctional aromatics, and cascade C‒H activation/annulation polymerizations. The properties and functionalities of the obtained fused (hetero)cyclic polymers will also be introduced.[1-4] A brief outlook on the future development directions of this field will also be briefly discussed.