Endoscopic endonasal surgery allows access to sinonasal tumors extending to the brain or orbit, often requiring removal of fragile, porous bones [1]. Safe bone removal is essential to protect nearby structures such as the brain, eyes, carotid arteries, and optic nerves. In a previous pilot study [2], nanoindentation was proposed as a method to characterize the mechanical properties of skull base bones. This study introduced how microarchitectural features influence biomechanical behaviour, explaining the wide variability in measured properties, with the Young’s modulus ranging from 200 MPa to 1700 MPa. This study aims to (1) examine the variability of nanoindentation results in the ethmoid bone in relation to its microarchitecture using both experimental data and numerical simulations, and (2) determine the fracture forces typically required during surgery. Nanoindentation was used to characterize the mechanical properties of skull base bones based on a protocol developed for biological tissues [3]. An initial study established a protocol to accurately analyze and characterize this bone type. A follow-up study used nanoindentation matrices and numerical simulations to investigate the relationship between micro-/macroporosity and mechanical properties, and to simulate surgical maneuvers. The orbital bone contains both small pores (<70 µm) and larger cavities (>70 µm). The variability in pore and cavity distribution significantly influences experimental measurements. Numerical simulations successfully modeled this heterogeneity and revealed the correlation between porosity and mechanical properties. Simulations of surgical gestures helped identify the maximum force that can be applied without fracturing the bone. This study provides a detailed characterization of the relatively understudied orbital bone. It clarifies the relationship between porosity at different scales and mechanical strength and informs surgeons of the fracture thresholds relevant during surgery. These findings are valuable for developing anatomically accurate skull base models for both educational and surgical training purposes.