The development of high performance and recycling elastomers is critical in the pursuit of meeting harsh conditions, environment protection and sustainable development. Firstly, High-performance polyurethane(PU) The development of high performance and recycling elastomers is critical in the pursuit of meeting harsh conditions, environment protection and sustainable development. Firstly, High-performance PU elastomers have become a research hotspot due to their excellent mechanical properties and wide range of potential applications. The enhancement of these elastomers largely depends on the effective control of microphase separation. We summarize the characterization methods for microphase separation in high-performance PU elastomers, which discusses how these techniques reveal the relationship between structure and properties of PU. The molecular design of PU with superior static and dynamic mechanical properties is further discussed. In addition, we also analyze the applications of stimulus-responsive PU in various significant emerging fields.   Lastly, we discuss the opportunities and challenges associated with scaling high-performance and recyclable PU elastomers for industrial manufacturing and practical applications, providing guidance for the design and development of PU elastomers that integrate high performance with recyclability.