Three universal types of cancers are identified, based on the malfunction of a certain set of proteins and regulatory RNAs, irrespective of the organs in which they are located: Cancer Type 1, where cancer cells lack either a functional (a) P14ARF gene, or (b) a P53 gene; Cancer Type 2, where cancer cells lack a functional DINO lncRNA; and Cancer Type 3, where cancer cells have an abnormally high amount of copies of the MDM2 gene. New therapeutic targets were discovered for each type of cancer that paves the way or treating cancer irrespective of the organ it lies in. Until now, current cancer treatments have been organ-specific, and no common pan-organ denominator has been thought of. Furthermore, cancer biochemistry has been studied in isolation, one pathway at a time, without considering the complex interactions between proteins and regulatory RNAs, which are characteristic of a living human organism. This work has identified three universal types of cancers based on the malfunction of a certain set of proteins and regulatory RNAs, irrespective of the organs in which they are located in and has developed a new unified therapeutic theory that identifies novel master regulators of apoptosis as targets for treating cancer regardless of which organ the cancer lies in, through a novel biochemical flowsheet of a universal apoptosis network comprising approximately 100 pathways (80% activation and 20% inhibition), based on a critical analysis of 170 scientific publications that considered all the complex interactions between proteins and regulatory RNAs.

FACTS:

1. As of today, there have been many cancer-related articles in the literature dealing with isolated proteins and pathways that have been studied separately and in isolation. This paper uses information derived from a critical review of all the literature as the basis for creating a universal, unique, and unified theory of cell death pathways. 
2. As of today, cancer clinical studies in the literature have been mainly organ-specific, and the related basic research articles have studied proteins and their pathways in isolation, without using the proteins to classify cancers. This study uses all available literature data, after critical analysis, to create a unique classification of cancer, based on several exclusive groups of protein function, independently of the organ.
3. As of today, the primary targeting of the HuR protein for cancer treatment relies on the inhibition of HuR activity. This paper, based on critically analyzed literature data introduces a totally new concept of treating cancer via HuR, not by inhibiting HuR itself but by inducing its ability to divide and cause cell death.
4. As of today, creating a method for treating cancer cells with functional P53 genes has been a challenge for the medical community, because no clear molecular target was known. This paper, based on critically analyzed literature data, proposes two new methods of treating cancer cells with functional P53 genes depending on the cause of cancer formation: (1) targeting the DINO lncRNA promoter in DINO-deficient cancer cells and (2) targeting the mir-125b microRNA in cancer with MDM2 gene amplification.