This study provides an in-depth review of the electrical properties of composite materials, encompassing metals, ceramics, polymers, and nanocomposites reinforced with nanometric particles. It examines critical electrical characteristics, such as conductivity and dielectric properties, and their implications for diverse applications. The analysis highlights the significant enhancement of electrical conductivity through the incorporation of metallic nanoparticles, which establish conductive networks within polymer matrices. By exploring the interactions between composite constituents, the study elucidates the behavior of these materials under varying conditions, offering valuable insights into their performance. This comprehensive review serves as a foundation for targeted future research, facilitating detailed investigations into specific composite types and their potential limitations. Furthermore, it enriches the existing literature by providing a broad perspective on the electrical properties of composites, paving the way for advancements in fields such as electronics, biomedical devices, and environmental technologies. This work underscores the importance of understanding component interactions to drive innovation and develop novel applications for composite materials.