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1. Principles:
   • Experimental techniques: existing and new developments
   • Reaction kinetics, thermodynamics, minor element behavior
   • Chemical and transport properties of slags, mattes, metals, fluxes, gases, etc.
   • Fluid-Solid Reactions
   • Flash/Bath Sulfide and Laterite Smelting
   • Roasting, smelting, converting and refining processes and equipment
   • Process modeling and simulation (computational fluid dynamic modeling, etc.)
   • Thermo and Physicochemical Properties
   • Refractory materials, degradation, control and optimization
2. Technologies:
   • New, Improved and Existing Technologies
   • Direct producing of metals
   • Extraction and Processing
   • Chemical and metallurgical process reactors
   • Furnace designs and refractory
   • Control operations and new designs
   • Alternative ways of producing metals from sulfide and laterite concentrates
   • Control and optimization
   • Recycling, waste treatment, soil remediation and biotechnologies
3. Industrial Practice:
   • Plant and furnace operations
   • Process parameters in smelting and refining furnaces
   • Electrical furnaces
   • Production of metals from sulfide or laterite concentrates
   • Feed preparation processes, equipment
   • Smelter gas handling and acid plants processes and equipment
   • Smelter dusts and fugitive emissions
   • Environmental issues and policies related to sulfide smelting
   • New smelter and expansion/capital projects
   • Predicted future of sulfide smelting operations
   • Process control, optimization and automation

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